Steel de-rusted with muriatic acid rusts VERY quickly after removing from the acid tank (or in this case, after removing the acid from the tank....). Like it will rust before your eyes. We used it in the plating shop where I worked years ago, and we rinsed parts first in water, then in a weak sulfuric acid bath, if I recall correctly (I'm not very sure of that part anymore, after more than 30 years). Then we immediately went to the cad plating tank. (If muraitic acid continues to act on bare steel fully submerged in it, it is a very slow process. At least nothing I ever saw in my years in the plating shop suggested that muriatic eats the steel itself.) Everything of my own stuff that I cleaned with muriatic acid I plated. Other things I cleaned with phosphoric acid. It is slower acting, but you can pull something out of phosphoric and not do anything at all to it, and it will not rust. You might be able to do the heavy de-rusting with muriatic, rinse it well, then do it over with phosphoric acid. (I'm not sure if you can safely mix the two acids, so it would need to be rinsed well. It will rust again before you can finish rinsing it, but that light rust would be taken off by the phosphoric.)
What sort of coating did gasoline tanks have in them to start with? I'm guessing it was either zinc or tin. I've heard of cold galvanizing, and wonder if that would be workable for the inside of a fuel tank.
Public Service Anouncement: Acids are dangerous substances, and should not be dumped on the ground.